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Capacity building - Wikipedia. Training course on hygiene promotion in Berlin. Capacity building (or capacity development) is the process by which individual and organizations obtain, improve, and retain the skills and knowledge needed to do their jobs competently. Capacity building and capacity development are often used interchangeably; however, some people interpret capacity building as not recognizing people's existing capacity whereas capacity development recognizes existing capacities which require improvement. Community capacity building is a conceptual approach to social, behavioral change and leads to infrastructure development in case of water and sanitation that focuses on understanding the obstacles that inhibit people, governments, international organizations and non- governmental organizations from realizing their development goals while enhancing the abilities that will allow them to achieve measurable and sustainable results. The term community capacity building emerged in the lexicon of international development during the 1.

Wide use of the term has resulted in controversy over its true meaning. Community capacity building often refers to strengthening the skills, competencies and abilities of people and communities in developing societies so they can overcome the causes of their exclusion and suffering. Organizational capacity building is used by NGOs & Governments to guide their internal development and activities.

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Definitions. Fundraising, training centers, exposure visit, office and documentation support, on the job training, learning centers and consultants are all some forms of capacity building. To prevent international aid for development from becoming perpetual dependency, developing nations are adopting strategies provided by the organizations in the form of capacity building. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) was one of the forerunners in developing an understanding of community capacity building or development. Since the early 7.

UNDP offered guidance for its staff and governments on what was considered . The UNDP defines capacity building as a long- term continual process of development that involves all stakeholders; including ministries, local authorities, non- governmental organizations, professionals, community members, academics and more. Capacity building uses a country's human, scientific, technological, organizational, and institutional and resource capabilities. The goal of capacity building is to tackle problems related to policy and methods of development, while considering the potential, limits and needs of the people of the country concerned. The UNDP outlines that capacity building takes place on an individual level, an institutional level and the societal level. It also calls for the establishment of conditions that will allow individuals to engage in the .

It should not involve creating new institutions, rather modernizing existing institutions and supporting them in forming sound policies, organizational structures, and effective methods of management and revenue control. OXFAM believes that community capacity building is an approach to development based on the fundamental concept that people all have an equal share of the world's resources and they have the right to be . This is demonstrated through the functional presence of a combination of most of the following factors: viable institutions and respective organizations; commitment and vision of leadership; financial and material resources; skilled human resources. It refers to the process of enhancing an organization's abilities to perform specific activities. An Organizational capacity building approach is used by NGOs to develop internally so they can better fulfill their defined mission. Steps to building organizational capacity include: Developing a conceptual framework. Establishing an organizational attitude.

Developing a vision and strategy. Developing an organizational structure. Acquiring skills and resources. People's capacities and institutional capacity and a society's capacity change over time.

A focus on what development policies and investments work best to strengthen the abilities, networks, skills and knowledge base cannot be a one- off intervention. There can be short- term results. And often in crises and post conflict situations there is a need for such. But even short- term capacity gains, such as increase in monetary incentives or introducing a new information system, must be supported by a sustained resource and political commitment to yield longer term results that truly impact on existing capacities. Capacity development is about who and how and where the decisions are made, management takes place, services are delivered and results are monitored and evaluated. It is primarily an endogenous process, and whilst supported and facilitated by the international development community, it cannot be owned or driven from the outside. At the end of the day, it is about capable and transformational states, which enable capable and resilient societies to achieve their own development objectives over time.

History. In the 1. Institutional development was viewed as a long- term process of building up a developing country's government, public and private sector institutions, and NGOs. In response, a series of . The growing wealth gap coupled with .

These arguments questioned the effectiveness of . The UNDP promotes a capacity building approach to development in the 1.

It focuses on building capacity on an institutional level and offers a five–step process for systematic capacity building. If stakeholders are involved and share ownership in the process of development they will feel more responsible for the outcome and sustainability of the development. Engaging stakeholder's who are directly affected by the situation allows for more effective decision- making, it also makes development work more transparent. UNDP and its partners use advocacy and policy advisory to better engage stakeholders. The UNDP argues that capacity building that is not rooted in a comprehensive study and assessment of the preexisting conditions will be restricted to training alone, which will not facilitate sustained results. The UNDP and its networks work to fix problems associated with institutional arrangements by developing human resource frameworks .

Strong leadership allows for easier adaption to changes, strong leaders can also influence people. The UNDP uses coaching and mentoring programmers to help encourage the development of leadership skills such as, priority setting, communication and strategic planning. Knowledge. The UNDP believes knowledge is the foundation of capacity. They believe greater investments should be made in establishing strong education systems and opportunities for continued learning and the development of professional skills. They support the engagement in post- secondary education reforms, continued learning and domestic knowledge services. Accountabilitythe implementation of accountability measures facilitates better performance and efficiency.

A lack of accountability measures in institutions allows for the proliferation of corruption. The UNDP promotes the strengthening of accountability frameworks that monitor and evaluate institutions. They also promote independent organizations that oversee, monitor and evaluate institutions. They promote the development of capacities such as literacy and language skills in civil societies that will allow for increased engagement in monitoring institutions. It should involve continual reassessment and expect change depending on changing situations. It should include evaluative indicators to measure the effective of initiated programs.

Measurements should be based on changes in an institutions performance. Evaluations should be based on changes in performance based around the four main issues: institutional arrangements, leadership, knowledge, and accountability.